How are solar panels made?

As energy prices continue to soar, solar panels are becoming more commonplace. In fact, as of December 2023, around 1.28 million UK homes have them.

We know these systems quietly convert sunlight into electricity, but have you ever wondered, “How are solar panels made?”

The making of solar panels is a blend of science, sustainability and nature. In this blog, we’ll talk through the process, from the mining of quartz sand to the detailed engineering of the final panels.

How do solar panels work?

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity by using photovoltaic cells. These cells are made of silicon, a semiconductor material that collects the energy from light particles and converts it into an electric current.

Put simply, when sunlight hits the solar panel, it causes the electrons in the silicon atoms to flow freely, creating an electric current.

However, for this flow of electricity to be useful, it needs to be contained and directed. This is where the metal frame comes in. It allows the electrons to escape and travel through metal conductors to an inverter, where they go on to power our homes, businesses, and more.

What are the major components for making solar panels?

A variety of materials and components are needed to make a solar panel installation. Here are the main ones:

Photovoltaic cells

Photovoltaic cells, made of silicon semiconductors, convert daylight into electricity in solar panels. When exposed to sunlight, these cells generate an electric charge in the form of direct current (DC), which is then converted into alternating current (AC) for use in homes and buildings. Collectively, multiple photovoltaic cells make up a solar panel or module.

Wafers and silicon crystals

Photovoltaic cells, the building blocks of solar panels, are made of wafers of silicon crystals. These crystals can either be monocrystalline – the most efficient structure – or polycrystalline, the less efficient but more affordable option.

Junction boxes and wiring

These weatherproof enclosures are usually made of plastic or metal, and act as the central hub for your solar system’s electrical connections. They safeguard the wiring from external elements like moisture, dust, and debris that could corrode or damage.

Inside the junction box, all the electrical connections and components are housed. This allows the DC power to flow securely to the inverter, which transforms it into usable alternating current (AC) for powering your home.

Backing materials

Solar panels also rely on strong, weatherproof backing material for long-lasting performance – usually glass or metal.

Glass is popular for its transparent properties, which allow the most daylight to reach the cells. It also protects from moisture, dust, and physical damage. Plus, because glass is an electrical insulator, it prevents unwanted currents within the panel.

On the other hand, metal offers better strength and durability and can withstand harsh weather conditions for many years.

Get your solar panel installation from Grant Store

If you’re thinking about investing in your own solar power installation, you’ve landed in the right place. Our experts have years of hands-on experience and have helped thousands of households, businesses and local authorities upgrade their properties and save money with solar installations.

Worried about the cost? You could be eligible for funding through the ECO4 scheme. Just send us your information, and we can figure out if you qualify and help you apply for your grant.

Whether you have questions about the right set-up or already know exactly what you want, we’re the go-to solar power company. Call our team today for your free quote.